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.188-98.33Bailey, Jazz at the Spirella , p.23.The majority of grammar school boys andgirls in the 1950s pursued careers within the city; it took the advent of the RobbinsReport to facilitate permanent -movement elsewhere in the country, as describedin the first essay on Coventry Rugby Club.34As Bailey acknowledges, Larkin is the role model here even if he was nevermentioned at King Henry VIII School in the 1950s as opposed to my experiencea decade later.Ibid., p.32.35Funding for the Festival was from the rates and an Arts Council grant.Festivaldirector John Lowe was a friend of Britten, who accepted the commission for a£1000 fee.The 1963 recording of the War Requiem was a great critical andcommercial success, the boxed double album selling over 200,000 copies in fivemonths.M.Oliver, Benjamin Britten (London, Phaidon, 1996), pp.174-80; M.Cooper (ed.), Britten: War Requiem (Cambridge, Cambridge University Press,1996).36Duke Ellington, 22 February 1966, in Coventry Cathedral, quoted in A.H.Lawrence, Duke Ellington and his World (London, Routledge, 2001), p.368.37The NJO, led by Neil Ardley from 1963 to 1970, recorded two albums duringthat time.According to one-time member Ian Carr, It was a band of player- NOTES 167composers, its express purpose to perform the works of new writers, and so itbecame a crucible for the strongest talents of the British scene. I.Carr, MusicOutside Contemporary Jazz in Britain (London, Latimer New Divisions, 1973), p.6.38At Robert Wyatt s instigation, an eight-piece line-up, including composer KeithTippett s horn section, recorded Third in January 1970 before playing select dates,including the Lanchester Polytechnic.S.Nicholson, Jazz-Rock A History(Edinburgh, Canongate, 1998), pp.23-4.39Jon Hiseman quoted in Carr, Music Outside, p.64.Both the NJO and SoftMachine performances attracted more respectful audience reaction than rock bandsusually did (and provided me with my first exhilarating - experiences of a fullbrass section at maximum volume).40The Specials, In The Studio (2-Tone, 1984). & this inspired, non-ska mire oflounge-jazz musak and dub-reggae , famous for the anthemic Nelson Mandela ,took Dammers three years to record.J.Irwin (ed.), The Mojo Collection TheGreatest Albums of All Time (Edinburgh, Mojo Books, 2000), p.543; interviewwith Jerry Dammers in A.Petridis, Ska for the Madding Crowd , Guardian, 8March 2002.On the Midlands roots of Two Tone, see R.Eddington, Sent FromCoventry: The Chequered Past of Two Tone (London, IMP, 2004).41But sadly not for Wood End, a 1950s council estate out on the north-easternfringe of Coventry and miles from the city centre.Parts of Wood End, one ofEngland s 39 most deprived communities and notorious for widespread socialbehaviour, looks like Grozny.With £34 million invested since 1987, the estate isto be partially or wholly demolished under the New Deal for Communities scheme.Statement by the Office of the Deputy Prime Minister quoted in A.Gillan, Wherethe law abiding live in fear , Guardian, 11 November 2002. A Sense of Place Coventry , BBC Radio 4, 28 September 2002 offered a radio portrait ofcontemporary Coventry, including life on the Wood End estate.42For a summary of Hill s contribution to modern football, see R.Holt and T.Mason, Sport in Britain 1945-2000 (Oxford, Blackwell, 2000), pp.80-82 and 99-100.43There have been several histories, of varying quality, with the Hill eraadequately covered in D.Brassington, Singers to Sky Blues: The Story of CoventryCity Football Club (London, Sporting and Leisure Publications, 1986).As withmost other clubs, the success of Nick Hornby s Fever Pitch prompted similarpitches at a mass market, including Joycean scholar Rick Gekoski s witty andrevealing record of a season spent with the Sky Blues.Clearly inspired by HunterDavies s veil-lifting homage to Tottenham Hotspur, The Glory Game, thisAmerican academic turned bookseller overcame manager Gordon Strachan s initialsuspicion to produce the best book so far on Coventry City.R.Gekoski, StayingUp Behind the Scenes in the Premiership (London, Little, Brown and Company,1998).44Most notably, A.Smith, Civil War in England: the clubs, the RFU, and theimpact of professionalism on rugby union, 1995-99 in A.Smith and D.Porter,Amateurs and Professionals in Post-war British Sport (London, Frank Cass, 2000),pp.146-88. 168 THE CITY OF COVENTRY45Howling Sky Blue fans note: notwithstanding a first loyalty to rugby union, Ifeel wholly qualified to make such a claim having supported Coventry Citythrough thick and thin since attending my first match in a pre-Jimmy Hill era.46J.Hill, Sport, Leisure and Culture in Twentieth-Century Britain (Basingstoke,Palgrave, 2002).47McKibbin, Classes and Cultures, p.332; M.Polley, Moving the Goalposts: aHistory of Sport and Society Since 1945 (London, Routledge, 1998), pp.4-5.48For a profile of Pearl Hyde, see Hinton, Women, Social Leadership, and theSecond World War, pp.86-8.49Comments noted by Mass Observation representative in Southampton,November 1940, in T.Harrisson (ed.), Living Through The Blitz (London, Collins,1972), pp.150-1.See this volume s final essay.2.Cars, cricket and Alf Smith1This essay originally appeared in the International Journal of the History ofSport, 19 (March 2002), pp.137-50.2M.Smith, Britain and 1940 History, Myth and Popular Memory (London,Routledge, 2000), p.1.3D.Edgerton, England and the Aeroplane An Essay on a Militant andTechnological Nation (London, Macmillan, 1991), p.xv.4On works-based sport before the First World War see R.Munting, The gamesethic and industrial capitalism before 1914: the provision of company sports ,Sport in History, 1 (2003), pp.45-63; and re literature on company paternalism seeJ.Hill, Sport, Leisure and Culture in Twentieth-Century Britain (Basingstoke,Palgrave, 2002), pp.189-80, ft.22.5J
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